Classification by symptom presentation

Delirium has been classified into subtypes based on the presentation of symptoms. It can be characterized by:

• Hyperactivity (hyperactive): Patients with hyperactive delirium symptoms can be restless, agitated, and aggressive.

• Hypoactivity (hypoactive): Patients with hypoactive delirium symptoms hold back, are quiet, and lethargic, sometimes referred to as silent delirium.

• Mixed Delirium: Some patients exhibit both hyperactive and hypoactive symptoms.

Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between mixed and silent delirium, and between delirium and dementia, and patients can have both.

Assessment and screening

All patients are assessed according to the quality handbook of Landspitali and the mnemonic "AMMA," which stands for the main risk factors of delirium:

Age over 65
Memory impairment or dementia
M Recent hip fracture
A severe illness – a condition that is worsening or at risk of worsening

Patients with risk factors and other delirium symptoms are assessed using the 4AT.

To screen individuals at risk and to monitor the progression of symptoms, the DOS (Delirium Observation Screening) is used.

Treatment for delirium

When delirium occurs, it is important to identify and treat the underlying causes.

Information on further treatment for delirium can be found in the quality handbook of the Hospital