About pertussis

Pertussis is a severe respiratory infection, particularly concerning for infants, especially during their first few months of life. In adolescents and adults, the disease manifests as a chronic and persistent cough along with cold symptoms. Infants under six months old are especially vulnerable to severe complications of pertussis, including intense coughing fits and respiratory distress, which can be life-threatening.

The disease spreads through aerosols expelled during coughing or sneezing. It typically takes 2-3 weeks after exposure for symptoms to appear. Initial symptoms resemble those of a mild cold, progressing to a persistent cough, mucus buildup, and severe coughing fits, often worse at night. After approximately two weeks, coughing fits become more intense, often accompanied by distinctive sucking sounds upon inhalation. Sneezing, a runny nose, and fever may also occur. Symptoms can persist for up to 10 weeks. Diagnosis involves sampling with a swab from the back of the throat to detect the bacteria's genetic material.

Prevention

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent pertussis, especially in young children. In Iceland, children receive vaccinations at 3, 5, and 12 months of age, with booster shots at 4 and 14 years old. However, immunity from the vaccine wanes after about ten years, increasing the risk of infection later in life. Pregnant women in Iceland are offered vaccinations to protect their newborns during their first months of life.

Treatment

While antibiotics may have limited benefits in treating whooping cough, they are used to reduce the spread of the bacteria to others, particularly when administered early in the disease process.

More information

The Chief Epidemiologist